What are the types of wellhead equipment and what are their characteristics?

What are the types of wellhead equipment and what are their characteristics?
Wellhead devices play a crucial role in energy extraction such as oil and natural gas, with a wide variety of types and unique characteristics and application scenarios for each device. The following will provide a detailed introduction to several common wellhead devices and their characteristics:
1、 Divided by purpose and safety
Sewage wellhead device
Purpose: Mainly used as an outlet for sewers and drainage pipes.
Features: A manhole cover is required to prevent personnel from entering or debris from blocking, while also having good sealing and waterproof performance to ensure that sewage will not leak.
Rainwater wellhead device
Purpose: Mainly used for rainwater discharge and storage.
Characteristics: Usually set on roads and sidewalks, the wellhead needs to be sealed and waterproof to prevent rainwater from flowing back. At the same time, the rainwater wellhead device also has good drainage performance, ensuring that rainwater can be quickly discharged.

Gas wellhead equipment
Purpose: Used for supplying gas pipelines to cities.
Characteristics: Fire prevention facilities need to be installed and fire-resistant materials used to ensure safe use. The gas wellhead device also needs to have high sealing and anti-corrosion performance to prevent gas leakage and corrosion.
Communication wellhead equipment
Usage: Usually used for the routing of communication lines such as telecommunications and broadband.
Characteristics: The device needs to have waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and electromagnetic interference resistant functions to ensure the stable operation of communication lines. In addition, the communication wellhead device also needs to have the characteristics of easy installation and maintenance.
Integrated wellhead equipment
Purpose: A wellhead that contains multiple facilities, such as electricity, gas, communication, etc.
Characteristics: Comprehensive design and management are required to ensure coordinated operation between various facilities. Integrated wellhead equipment also needs to have a high degree of safety and stability to meet the needs of different facilities.
2、 Divided by structure and composition
Sleeve head
Function: As an important connecting component between casing and wellhead equipment, it bears the pressure of casing and formation.
Characteristics: The casing head is usually made of high-strength alloy steel, which has good compressive and sealing properties.
Christmas tree/gas tree
Purpose: To control the flow of oil and gas and wellhead pressure, and achieve the collection and transportation of oil and gas.
Characteristics: Christmas trees/gas trees are usually composed of multiple valves, pipelines, and instruments, with high flexibility and adjustability. At the same time, they also need to have good sealing and high temperature resistance to adapt to high-temperature and high-pressure mining environments.
3、 Divided by application field
Oil and gas field wellhead equipment
Characteristics: Oil and gas field wellhead equipment is one of the common wellhead devices in oil and gas extraction. They need to withstand harsh environments such as high pressure, high temperature, and corrosion, thus requiring high strength, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. At the same time, wellhead equipment in oil and gas fields also needs to have a high degree of safety and stability to ensure the safety and smooth progress of the extraction process.
In summary, there are various types of wellhead equipment, each with its unique characteristics and application scenarios. When selecting wellhead equipment, comprehensive consideration should be given to specific mining conditions and requirements to ensure that the performance and safety of the equipment can meet actual needs.