What is the function and principle of wellhead equipment?

What is the function and principle of wellhead equipment?
Wellhead devices play a crucial role in oil and gas drilling operations, not only ensuring the safety and smooth progress of drilling operations, but also affecting the economic benefits and efficiency of oilfield production. Below, I will elaborate on the function and principle of wellhead equipment.
1、 The function of wellhead equipment
Connection and sealing: The wellhead device, through its components such as pipe heads and blowout preventers, can effectively connect the various layers of oil pipes in the wellbore and seal the annular space of each layer of casing. This connection and sealing function ensures the normal flow of oil, gas, water and other fluids during the drilling process, while avoiding fluid leakage and ensuring the safety of the working environment.
Suspension and support: The wellhead device can also suspend oil pipes and downhole tools, bear the weight of the wellbore string, and support the drilling wellhead to protect the integrity of the wellbore wall. This suspension and support function enables stable drilling operations and reduces operational risks caused by wellbore collapse and other reasons.
Control and regulation: The wellhead device can achieve control and regulation of oil well production through its internal valves and other control components. For example, when it is necessary to pause or adjust drilling operations, it can be achieved by closing or adjusting valves. This control and regulation effect makes drilling operations more flexible.
Ensure homework construction and daily management: Wellhead equipment can also ensure the smooth progress of various underground operations, such as logging, perforation, etc. At the same time, it is also convenient for daily management of oil wells, such as recording oil casing pressure and other operations.

2、 The principle of wellhead equipment
The working principle of wellhead equipment mainly includes the working principle of wellhead blowout preventer and the working principle of water sealed well.
The working principle of wellhead preventer: Wellhead preventer is an important component of wellhead equipment, and its main function is to prevent well surge and jet flow. During the drilling process, when the pressure inside the well rises abnormally, the wellhead blowout preventer can quickly close to prevent fluid from spraying out and ensure operational safety. Wellhead blowout preventers typically consist of multiple valves that can be opened or closed as needed to control and regulate wellhead fluids.
The working principle of a water sealed well: A water sealed well is an important device used for oil well blowout prevention. It achieves control and regulation of the wellhead fluid through the collaborative action of the wellhead device, water sealing device, and control system. Firstly, the wellhead device shields the wellhead and prevents splashing and spraying in the event of a jet accident through components such as the wellhead anti spray cover, anti spray pipe, and anti spray valve. Secondly, the water seal device transports the water seal liquid to the wellhead anti spray pipe for effective control and regulation of the wellhead fluid through components such as water seal tanks, water seal pipes, and water seal valves., The control system monitors the fluid situation at the wellhead in real time through components such as sensors, actuators, and controllers, and controls and adjusts the wellhead equipment and water seal device as needed to achieve control of the wellhead fluid.
In summary, wellhead equipment plays a crucial role in oil and gas drilling operations. Through its functions of connection and sealing, suspension and support, control and adjustment, as well as ensuring the safety and smooth progress of drilling operations and daily management. At the same time, its working principle also reflects the control and regulation of wellhead fluids, ensuring the safety and stability of oilfield production.